In the Part-1 various drinking water quality requirements have to be mentioned to be considered before the water is to be available home consumers. Just a repetition of those is below
Now just fill the make a table and fill the appropriate or most suitable water treatment method which can be employed to reduce the each quality concern at the appropriate level so as it would not be harmful to the consumer for drinking. Now if you have made it now just match your result with the table below.
1. Carbonates - that is hardness of the water to be removed
2. Undissolved particles to be removed
3. Satisfactory Colour, Odour and taste
4. Removal of Toxic Substances if any.
5. Pathogens, bacteria, Viruses etc.
6. Removal of unrequired minerals
7. Heavy metals
8. Nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate, ammonium)
9. Phosphorus
10. Temperature i.e. setting limit
11. pH
12. Organic matter
13. Fluoride
14. As (Arsenic)
And specially the ground water contains
15. Fe2+ and Mn2+
16. Ca2+ and Mg2+
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S. No. | Quality Concern | Treatment Method which can be employed |
1 | Carbonates - that is hardness of the water to be removed | |
2 | Undissolved particles to be removed | Chemical precipitation |
3 | Satisfactory Colour, Odour and taste | Activated carbon |
4 | Removal of Toxic Substances if any. | Activated carbon, Oxidation, Ozone disinfection, Hydrogen peroxide disinfection, Chlorination, ........ Depending upon the type and concentration of toxicity one or more method can be employed |
5 | Pathogens, bacteria, Viruses etc. | Chemical precipitation, Oxidation, Ozone disinfection, Chlorination. Hydrogen peroxide disinfection |
6 | Removal of unrequired minerals | Chemical precipitation |
7 | Heavy metals | Activated carbon |
8 | Nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate, ammonium) | Aeration, Slow (biological) filtration, Chlorination, |
9 | Phosphorus | Chemical Precipitation |
10 | Temperature i.e. setting limit | May be heat exchange |
11 | pH | We can employ carbonate system to make the pH at required level |
12 | Organic matter | Oxidation, chemical precipitation |
13 | Fluoride | Reverse osmosis, Ion exchange.... |
14 | As (Arsenic) | Chemical precipitation |
15 | Fe2+ and Mn2+ | Redox Oxidation |
16 | Ca2+ and Mg2+ | Carbonate System |
So depending upon initial laboratory results, which show that which type of impurities and how much are there is some source, many combinations of above mentioned solutions have been adopted to reach best economical and hazardless solution.
Task: Now your task is that to find out
A) which agency or authority in your country is responsible for setting standards for drinking water?
B) Which agency is responsible for drinking water supply at local level?
C) And how these standards differ (that are they more tight or flexible) from WHO’s prescribed standards for drinking water?
Share your findings in the comments and discuss in the comments so as to give other viewers chance to know more about how it is being done in different parts of the world
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